Brazilian customs and trade regulations are among the most complex in the world. Even experienced exporters can fall into common traps that result in shipment delays, fines, or rejected goods. Here are the five most critical mistakes we see—and how to avoid them.

1. Incorrect HS/NCM Classification

The Problem: Using the wrong tariff classification code is the #1 mistake. Brazil uses the NCM (Nomenclatura Comum do Mercosul) system, which is more granular than the HS code alone.

The Solution: Work with specialists who understand both U.S. and Brazilian classification systems. A single digit error can mean the difference between a 10% and 35% tax rate.

2. Incomplete or Inaccurate Documentation

The Problem: Missing documents, incorrect values, or vague product descriptions trigger automatic holds at Brazilian customs.

Required Documents:

• Commercial Invoice (detailed product specifications)
• Packing List
• Bill of Lading or Air Waybill
• Certificate of Origin (when applicable)
• Import License (when required)

3. Undervaluing Shipments

The Problem: Some companies undervalue goods to reduce import taxes. Brazilian customs use sophisticated systems to detect this, and penalties are severe.

The Consequences: Fines can be 100-400% of the undervalued amount, plus criminal charges in serious cases. Always declare true market value.

4. Ignoring Regulatory Requirements

The Problem: Many products require additional certifications from Brazilian agencies (ANVISA, INMETRO, ANATEL) before import. Companies often discover this too late.

High-Risk Categories:

• Medical devices and pharmaceuticals
• Cosmetics and personal care products
• Electronics and telecommunications equipment
• Food and beverages
• Automotive parts

5. Poor Incoterms Selection

The Problem: Choosing the wrong Incoterm creates confusion about who handles import duties, customs clearance, and associated costs.

Recommendation for Brazil: DDP (Delivered Duty Paid) or DAP (Delivered At Place) terms provide clarity, but require the exporter to understand Brazilian import processes thoroughly.